Free solvent isolation of Fe3O4 from magnetic material iron sand utilizing high-energy ball milling as adsorben remazol turquoise blue G-133 and remazol red RB-133

Abstract

The extraction of Fe₃O₄ from iron sand frequently utilizes a highly concentrated HCl solution, which is hazardous to the environment. The high-energy ball milling method of separating Fe₃O₄ from iron sand might produce Fe₃O₄ without acids and maintains its magnetic characteristics with a yield of 81.87%. The FTIR results suggest that the Fe₃O₄ separation procedure with high-energy ball milling was effective in eliminating the silica pick after activation with 2 M NaOH, which was confirmed by SEM-EDS data indicating there was no silica on the material's surface. Fe₃O₄ was separated, allowing use as an adsorbent to treat textile industry waste such as Remazol Turquoise Blue G-133 and Remazol Red RB-133. The adsorption of Fe₃O₄ on these two dyes occurred at pH 5, and as adsorbate concentration, contact time, and adsorption temperature of Fe₃O₄ were raised, the adsorption capacity increased. Remazol Turquoise Blue G-133 and Remazol Red RB-133 have q_max values of 16.75 and 1.43 mg/g, respectively. The isothermal adsorption of Fe₃O₄ for the two dyes quite follows the Freundlich isothermal with K_F values of 1.87 and 0.42 L/g and n values of 2.17 and 1.22, respectively, results suggest that the adsorption process occurs physically and forms a multilayer adsorption surface. These results are supported by data obtained from the adsorption kinetics, which shows that it follows the first-order adsorption kinetics. The dyes thermodynamics also showed positive results for ΔH^o and ΔG^o, indicating that the process of adsorption was endothermic and not spontaneous, but to the degree of disorder (ΔS^o), Remazol Turquoise Blue G-133 outperformed Remazol Red RB-133.